The Effects Of Climate Change On Earth Essay - 2260 Words

Humans’ contributions to Climate Change are constant, and not going slowing down without changes. Climate Change is the changing of global weather and temperatures at an abnormal rate. Most activities in our everyday lives has made a contribution, whether it be the technology being used or the cars being driven --- with that, many choose to ignore Climate Change, proceeding with their everyday activity. Meanwhile, on a global scale, the rate of these changes is detrimental to life on earth. NASA explicitly addresses that these fluctuations of climate are natural, but the rate in temperature changes is quicker than ever before. Vast studies show that typically the changes last about a thousand years before the next period of changes, but recently that has taken a turn. Human innovations have backfired, with the earth at stake due to unforeseen externalities. With the advancement of a more technological society, comes great responsibility to the earth, our home. Increased carbon dioxide emissions have played a massive role in the increased rate of climate changes. The Industrial Revolution or â€Å"Great Transformation† during the late 1700s appears to be the start of the trend. With the technological advances of their century, these creators did not foresee the severe environmental outcomes that would come of it all, resulting in future centuries of civil unrest, and as . â€Å"Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide haveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe studies of Earth have showed that in the last hundred years, the temperature has gone up one degree Fahrenheit. Even just one degree can make a big difference to the Earth’s natural form. The warming of the Earth has caused the snow and ice to melt much faster and the ocean levels to rise. In the next hundred years the effects will be more severe. There are normally cooler parts of the Earth that are heavily impacted by climate change. Some that have been observed are the land areas in the ArcticRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Earth1267 Words   |  6 Pagesmatter, this is not the first time that climate change has affected the planet in the past there were many problems to the earth millions of years ago. There were five major ice ages from the longest and first scientists believe occurred was two point four to two point one billion years ago during the early Proterozoic Eon there was an ice age formed and it was the Huronian. The second ice age was the cryogenian and it has been known that it produced a snowball earth in which permanent sea ice extendedRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe studies of Earth have shown that in the last hundred years, the temperature has gone up one degree Fahrenheit. Even just one degree can make a big difference to the Earth’s natu ral form. The warming of the Earth has caused the snow and ice to melt much faster and the ocean levels to rise. In the next hundred years the effects will be more severe. There are normally cooler parts of the Earth that are heavily impacted by climate change. Some that have been observed are the land areas in the ArcticRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On The Earth942 Words   |  4 PagesThe amount of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions that are produced and released in the atmosphere from Canada, the United States (U.S), and many other countries, is a big issue for the planet’s health since it causes climate change. Climate change has various damaging effects on the earth. It can cause severe weather such as floods, droughts, etc. Some political parties agree that a carbon pricing policy should be implemented, like the Green party, New Democratic Party (NDP), and the Liberals, whileRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1358 Words   |  6 PagesEurope. Climate change is classed as any alteration in global weather patterns over a period of time. However the climate change the earth is currently experiencing is far from anyt hing ever experienced before and its 99% certain that it has been caused by human industrialisation. Like anything that affects the earth on a global scale it affects everything including microorganisms and therefore disease. Climate change is causing disease to spread and increase in severity. The main adverse effects causingRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effect On Earth Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pages What is climate change? Climate change, additionally called an unnatural weather change, alludes to the ascent in normal surface temperatures on Earth. The present warming pattern is of specific essentialness on the grounds that the majority of it is likely human-incited and continuing at a rate that is exceptional in the previous 1,300 years. Earth-circling satellites and other innovative advances have empowered researchers to see the comprehensive view, gathering a wide range of sorts of dataRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1210 Words   |  5 Pages Climat e change can be a very controversial topic because many people are skeptical about whether or not it is caused by humans, or if it even exists. Regardless of whether people believe in climate change or not, there is an immense amount of evidence to support that the earth’s core temperature is slowly rising, and humans are directly causing it. Everything humans do impacts the earth in some way. Many of the resources needed for everyday life are retrieved in ways that are harming the planetRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1256 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change is the process of change in average long term weather patterns. These long term changes can be limited to small local areas such as cities or countries, large broad areas or cover the overall climate of Earth. Climate change occurs naturally due to the orbit of the Earth, ocean changes, changes in solar radiation levels and volcanic disasters. Although these natural influences do play a part in climat e change most scientists believe that the rate of climate change that the Earth hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Earth1695 Words   |  7 Pagestemperatures to date. Around this time, droughts, wildfires and other notable weather episodes lessened in rarity. These new visible extreme events were quickly blamed on climate change by the masses. However, it may or may not be true that these climactic incidents are symptomatic of an environmental imbalance. Climate change is defined as an accentuated difference in averages of weather circumstances or in intense meteorological occurrences for a given time. Studies do show that temperatures areRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Earth2580 Words   |  11 Pagessubstantial effect on Earth, one of the most noteworthy being climate change, with the significant increase in the concentration of greenhouses gases altering the climate of Earth (Walker and Steffen, 1997). The potential causes of climate change are a complex s ubject, with a wide variety of interwoven causes and consequences from both biogeophysical and human related sources (Peterson et al., 1997). While ecosystems have previously shown some ability to naturally adapt to climate change, this resilience

Brand Perception Case Study Kazo Fashion Limited

1 SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT 2010 SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON KAZO FASHION LTD. Analyzing Brand Perception And Accordingly Suggesting Various Feasible Effective Marketing Activities To Boost Sales. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the two year Post Graduate Programme (PGP). Submitted by ABHISHEK KUMAR Roll No. PG20095410 Batch: 2009-2011 IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION ANALYZING BRAND PERCEPTION AND ACCORDINGLY SUGGESTING VARIOUS FEASIBLE EFFECTIVE MARKETING ACTIVITIES TO BOOST SALES 2 SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT 2010 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the Project work entitled, ANALYZING BRAND PERCEPTION AND ACCORDINGLY†¦show more content†¦Their aspirations and expectations are continuously changing. Today’s shoppers are more intelligent, discerning and tuned to their individual preference. They are increasingly brand and fashion conscious and select labels which define who they are or who they want to be. The biggest challenge for all the brands is to create loyal customers who love them. With rapid growth in disposable incomes Indian consumer markets are changing fast. And therefore Apparel and fashion industry in India is in its growth stage. In such a scenario, it is very essential to study how consumers make their choices in Apparel Fashion category where there are several brands in the consideration set of a consumer. Brands build customer loyalty by delivering excellent value which includes styling, durability, quality fabrics, and consistent fit. To the consumer, a brand name represents familiarity,Show MoreRelatedWills Lifestyle7563 Words   |  31 Pagesfunctioning. In the remaining six weeks we begin the project of designing and executing a collection as per the specific design brief given by the company. Contents ITC profile History Evolution ITC Sub-brands Organizational chart Achievements LRBD profile LRBD organizational structure Brand Architecture Supply chain management Product Development -sourcing -sampling -fabric store -grading -cutting -washing -finishing -costing -quality measurement -manufacturing Competitors MarketingRead MorePromising Land!!! Studying Entry Modes of Foreign Apparel Brands in Indian Retail Industry10861 Words   |  44 PagesMinor Project PROMISING LAND!!! Studying entry modes of foreign apparel brands in Indian Retail Industry Student Name Aarti Kumari Singh Anamika Sachan Sukanya Garg Sweety Department of Fashion Management Studies (FMS) National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) September, 2012 Minor Project On PROMISING LAND!!! Studying entry modes of foreign apparel brands in Indian Retail Industry Submitted by Aarti Kumari Singh Anamika Sachan Sukanya Garg Sweety Under the supervision

Irony By Charles Dickens A Tale Of Two Cities - 1561 Words

Coincidence? I Think Ironic While the Victorian people called for romantic intrigue and petty drama in the literature of their time, Dickens’ added complexity to his novels not to satisfy the frivolous needs of Victorians but to further the theme of irony in his novel. In A Tale of Two Cities, irony is an ever-present theme and is woven into the plot seamlessly by author Charles Dickens. Coincidence is a complementary theme to irony in this novel. Dickens’ constant implementation of situations of coincidence and chance leads to a greater sense of irony throughout this book. Dickens adds complexity to the plot and further enforces the theme of irony in the novel through circumstances of coincidence, including the indictments of Charles Darnay, the life and associates of Dr. Manette, and Madame Defarge’s need for and path to revenge. Throughout the course of this novel, the ironically kind and generous Charles Darnay is indicted three times, and on each occasion, t he basis for the accusations against him and the surrounding circumstances derive entirely from coincidence and chance. At Darnay’s first trial in London where he has been accused of treason, Jerry Cruncher spots Lucie Manette and Dr. Manette seated in the courthouse and inquires about their purpose for attendance and receiving the response â€Å"’Witnesses.’/ ‘For which side?’/ ‘Against.’/ ‘Against what side?’/ ‘The prisoner’† (Dickens 48). From this statement and from what is later explained by theShow MoreRelatedA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Dickens, the greatest novelist of the Victorian period, is well known for his skillful use of irony in moments of coincidence and chance within his stories. In one of his most famous books, A Tale of Two Cities, he showcases this skill by forming small connections between various characters throughout the story. Th ese minute connections end up playing important, plot-twisting roles in the story. Dickens’ use of coincidence and chance weaves and enhances the plot, making readers consider howRead MoreUse of Repetition in A Tale of Two Cities1577 Words   |  7 PagesRepetition is one of the linguistic devices of which Charles Dickens is very fond, and the novelist makes things easy for his readers by his constant repetitions, and his habitual phrases are remembered by readers who are not used to reading with close attention. Dickens’s stylistic use of repetition reaches its climax in A Tale of Two Cities (1859). Therefore, it is fruitful to deal with the language of Dickens, especially that of A Tale of Two Cities, from the point of view of repetition in order toRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities Or A Tale Of Two Worlds?2163 Words   |  9 PagesKaren Vanderford Ms. Faris Honors English IV 29 May 2015 A Tale of Two Cities or A Tale of Two Worlds? A person’s class status in today’s world is based on what one owns and how society views an individual; nothing else really matters. Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities exemplifies the importance of social status through the way society views and treats its characters. Lucie Manette, from England, is the â€Å"golden thread† who everyone adores, especially a man named Sydney Carton, who is knownRead MoreCritical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities2729 Words   |  11 PagesEnglish 1/3/12 Mr. Burns A Literary Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities I. Introduction Charles Dickens’ twelfth novel, A Tale of Two Cities, was written to show all of the good and evil that was present during the French Revolution. He uses the two main cities, London and Paris, to represent this, and then ties in a love story with many different symbols of good and evil such as Darnay and Carton, Madame Defarge and Miss Pross. In his novel, Dickens also shows both sides of the revolution with theRead MoreA Tale Of Two Cities By Charles Dickens1704 Words   |  7 PagesA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is a novel set during the time of the French Revolution in England and France. The Revolution is a time of great danger and constant change. Dickens’ novel expresses the theme of fate through metaphors in many different ways. These metaphors connect the fates of Dickens’ characters that are intertwined in some way whether they are aware of how they are connected or not. Charles Dickens illustrates to his readers that fate is predetermined as shown throughRead MoreCharles Dickens : The Greatest Author Of His Time Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesMarch 2016 Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is often regarded as the greatest author of his time. His works are notorious for engaging the popular imagination with its comic elements, memorable characters, and highly detailed rendering of life in Victorian England. Although the 20th century saw a dismissal of his works as simplistic and vulgar by critics, Dickens never lost favor with the popular audience. Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England on February 7, 1812 to John Dickens and ElizabethRead MoreEssay On Oliver Twist2076 Words   |  9 Pages Oliver Twist Charles Dickens Honors English 10 Ms. Salsbury Ethan Wigal October 6, 2017 Charles Dickens is a famous British author known for writing many classics. He was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. Born to John Dickens and Elizabeth Barrow, Charles was the second child of eight. He grew up poor, eventually dropping out of school to bring in more money for his family. Dickens worked as an office boy, which helped to start his writing career. In 1836, he finallyRead MoreTale of Two Cities4458 Words   |  18 Pagess Tale of Two Cities – Study Guide Questions 2008 Use these over the course of your reading. They are very helpful if you use them!! Book I: Recalled to Life Book I, Chapter 1: The Period 1. What is the chronological setting of this opening chapter? What clues enable us to determine The Period? 2. How does Dickens indicate the severity of social conditions in both France and England? 3. Who is the king with a large jaw and a queen with a plain face? 4. How does DickensRead MoreNarrative techniques of Charles Dickens in Oliver Twist and David Copperfield6299 Words   |  26 Pages Diploma thesis Charles Dickens’s â€Å"Oliver Twist† and â€Å"David Copperfield†: Two novels compared (Narrative techniques) Mentor: Student: Dr. Muhamet Hamiti Arbnesha Kusari Table of Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Biography of Charles Dickens†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4 3. Oliver Twist†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreTerm Definition Source Of Definition1183 Words   |  5 Pagesphrases, clauses, or words https://mcl.as.uky.edu/glossary-rhetorical-terms We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardships... to assure... the success of liberty J. F. Kennedy, Inaugural Speech Balanced sentence A sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/Balanced-Sentence.htm Sleeping on a Seely is like sleeping on a cloud Advertising slogan for Seely mattresses Colloquial/colloquialism

The Conflict Between Pfwac And Wac s Feminist Women s...

Critiques It is quite tempting to suggest that the fraught relationship between PFWAC’s and WAC’s feminist women’s activism and the larger national struggle could be solved, by some degree, by the dissociation with nationalist ideologies. However, the fraught nature of the Palestinian national situation does not realistically allow for Palestinian women’s activists to disengage fully from nationalist discourses. Firstly the disengagement from nationalism would distance, and most likely demolish, any relationships or partnerships held by PFWAC and WAC with other organizations, many of whom have nationalist ties or sentiments. In breaking ties with other organizations PFWAC and WAC risk losing support, both monetarily, physically, and†¦show more content†¦Yet the continued intersectional identities of each organization challenges the notion that feminist work or organizations must disentangle themselves from other forms of activism or other forms of theorizat ion that may not fully align with traditional western understandings of feminism. Conclusion Palestinian women activists within both PFWAC and WAC engaged with nationalism and nationalist rhetoric in their work to promote gender equity and inclusion. The work of PFWAC and WAC attempts to listen to marginalized women within the West Bank and Gaza respectively and then help those same marginalized women to enter into public life in various forms with the support of the organization. The feminist activist work of PFWAC and WAC has been seen as disrupting larger â€Å"issues,† specifically the future existence of the Palestinian nation. Yet, as I have pointed to the work of both PFWAC and WAC, while critiquing the larger masculinization of nationalism and attempting to dismantle patriarchal structures, in fact create the space for more forms of nationalism. The empowerment of women through labor training, education, and entrepreneurship opens the space for more women to participate in and strengthen the Palestinian economy, argue against notions of primitivenes s, encourages women to advocate for themselves as Palestinians and as women, and brings women into the fold of the larger nationalist movement. In exploring the construction of PFWAC and WAC in conversation with

Decision Making Espoused Versus Enacted Values Free Essays

Decision Making: Espoused versus Enacted Values No matter what type of organization it is there are always tough decisions to make. These decisions are based off of the companies preferred norms and values or the employees. In any case, a decision has to be made. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making: Espoused Versus Enacted Values or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes there is a battle to stick with an organizations preferred values and norms or go with the values and norms exhibited by the employees (p. 39). We will look at the movie 2012 and take a look at concepts that have been described in regards to espoused values versus enacted values from Kreitner and Kinicki text Organizational Behavior (eighth edition). The movie 2012 begins in India where a geophysical team learns that the earth’s core is heating up at a rapid pace. Dr. Adrian Henley makes the decision to warn the President of the United States that the crust of the earth is becoming very unstable. This instability can lead to a major catastrophe and the entire race will be doomed. Dr. Hemley assumed the President would alert the nation immediately. He was acting on his personal values and felt that everyone should be warned. Dr. Hemley felt as though everyone should have an opportunity to prepare for the worst. This is an example of an enacted value based off of emotions and what was ethically right. The government had their own agenda that was already established. . They only alerted the rich who were able to purchase a spot on arcs that were built for this type of disaster. This is an example of an espoused value within the organization. The government saw this as a way of meeting â€Å"humanity’s needs without harming future generations† (p. 39). They believed by saving the wealthy families they would have money to invest in rebuilding civilization. Again, Dr. Henley just could not sit right with the fact that the wealthy were only being warned. It was a constant battle inside him and he had to at least alert those closest to him. Dr. Henley gave his father a call and he warned the geologist in India that first figured out the earth’s crust was heating up at a very rapid pace. This is another example of making a decision based off of an enacted value, emotions, and what was right ethically. Besides Dr. Henley and the government, another character in the movie was dealing with the same type of decision. Writer Jackson Curtis was working as a driver for a wealthy business man. Curtis was instructed to pick up the children of his boss and bring them to the plane where they would leave for the arc. In the midst of completing his assignment he stumbles upon the same information regarding the disaster that was about to occur. Curtis had children of his own and of course he wanted to save them as well. So he used the company car to pick up his kids, rent a plane, and get them to safety. Curtis still followed his boss’ instructions while following his heart. Hence, the struggle between espoused values versus enacted values is present in a smaller business as well. Organizations and their managers hope that their espoused values will directly influence the behavior and decisions of employees (p. 39) values from Kreitner and Kinicki text Organizational Behavior (eighth edition). However, employees are human and can form their own opinions based on their own observations. Employees are human and emotions can affect their behavior and decisions. Organizations can have a strong desire to deliver results and not be oo flexible in getting those results. But with outside influences of the employees, a struggle between those espoused values and enacted values can present themselves. References 2012 (film). (n. d. ). Retrieved Sept. 21, 2012 from the OLPC Wiki http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2012_(film) Central Michigan University. (2009). Organizational Dynamics and Human Behavior (2nd ed. ). McGraw-Hill. Kinicki, A. Kreitner, R. (2009). Organiza tional behavior: Key concepts, skills, and best practices (4th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. . How to cite Decision Making: Espoused Versus Enacted Values, Essay examples

Harlequin Enterprises Case Analysis free essay sample

The Mira Decision Harlequin Enterprises has dominated the series romance fiction novel market since the 1970’s. Harlequin has fought off every major competitor in this genre and maintained consistent performance for multiple decades. Brand loyalty, worldwide production capabilities, production efficiencies, creative control, and distribution are the strengths that Harlequin utilizes to dominate the series romance genre. Having a consistent product has helped Harlequin establish a loyal customer base with over 70 million readers worldwide. Surveys indicate that four out of five readers continue to purchase Harlequin books the next year. To keep creativity at a high level Harlequin utilizes over 1,300 authors worldwide to develop the stories while the editors maintain strict control to ensure that the product remains consistent. This method allows Harlequin to maintain a high level of creativity and at the same time keep costs low since they do not have to pay up front the millions of dollars single title novel authors require. We will write a custom essay sample on Harlequin Enterprises Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Legal fees for retaining authors are also low for Harlequin since they use standardized contracts vs. custom contracts typical to the single title genre. Harlequin has a very strong distribution, selling and production system. Harlequin distributes and sells its products in two successful ways: direct retail sales and direct mail. Harlequin novels are available in over 250,000 retail outlets around the world. They do not solely rely on the typical â€Å"big box† book stores such as Barnes and Noble; instead Harlequin utilizes supermarkets, drug stores, kiosks, etc. The book dimensions are designed especially for the racks at the supermarkets. The other source of readership comes from Harlequin’s loyal â€Å"Reader Service† book club. Nearly 60% of all books sold in the U. S. were from the book club. Book club sales are sold at full cover price so Harlequin has healthy profit margins from this market. A weakness for Harlequin is that it is the leader in a market that is mature and experiencing slow growth. Harlequin’s entire business model is set up specifically for the series romance genre. According to Donna Hayes, VP Direct Marketing, â€Å"our strengths lie in series romance. † While harlequin series romance sales have increases roughly 9% in five years, single title romance book sales have increased over 35% in the same period. Harlequin has failed in previous attempts to enter the single title romance market. Their Worldwide Library single title romance program was shut down after two years on the market. A result of the Worldwide Library shutdown was the exodus of many of their popular authors. Many of these authors started their careers with Harlequin but left for other high profile single title publishers willing to pay large amounts to win over the authors. Deciding if Harlequin has a competitive advantage can be looked at from two angles both providing different results. In the series romance genre Harlequin certainly has maintained a competitive advantage over the years. It has consistently been the only player in the market as other publishers have tried and failed at the genre. Harlequin has been able to produce higher revenues and growth within this genre better than any other publisher. As previously discussed, it maintains the most sophisticated distribution system and global author team. That is where Harlequin’s competitive advantage ends. In the overall romance novel market Harlequin does not possess a competitive advantage. The series romance industry has very little opportunity to grow which is representative in Harlequin’s slow year over year revenue trends. The single title genre is growing at a much faster rate. Harlequin’s previous attempt at this genre failed. Harlequin is making a wise decision to enter the single title market with the MIRA program. In order to grow Harlequin must enter a market that provides an opportunity to grow. With a better focus and understanding of this genre Harlequin will be able to capitalize on their existing infrastructure to capture a share of this fast growing genre. Management has estimated that the MIRA novels would not create additional overhead costs and their printing costs were going to be $0. 71 per book vs. 0. 88 industry average. At the same time single title novels would bring $3. 38 in profit margin vs. the $2. 42 that series novels bring. Harlequin will also be able to tap their large roster of author’s for single title novel opportunities. Providing their author’s with an opportunity to expand into a new genre will bring Harlequin create loyalty and better relationshi ps with their authors. Utilizing current authors will help Harlequin get a jump start in the single title market by getting their loyal series customer base to start purchasing single title novels which would create instant revenue. This strategy could be phase one and phase two could be reaching out to new audiences at the big box book stores and online. Harlequin has the business model to capture a competitive advantage in the romance novel market. To do this, it must apply its successful blueprint in the series genre and adjust it to the single title genre. This strategy will allow Harlequin to increase revenue and profits at a higher rate than their competitors.

Challenges of Accounting in Global Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Challenges of Accounting in Global Organizations. Answer: Introduction The current study intends to deal with important issues in the area of accounting of multinational accounting systems. Essentially, MNCs function within specific contexts of different environmental variables in different locations other than their domestic nations. This current paper also attempts to present a critical appraisal of specific framework of accounting and the challenges that are encountered by transnational organizations in preparation, presentation, translation as well as analytical issues in the area of accounting with special orientation to the operations of IKEA Group, NESTLE and HSBC. Project Objective The objective of the current study is To critically analyse the accounting system of multinational corporations operating in complex as well as challenging environments in different parts of the world To analytically examine myriads of diverse challenges that essentially borders on the prevailing framework and accounting practices and multiplicity of the financial reports Project Scope The current study can help in appraising the overall structure of financial statements of transnational organizations with special reference to the operations of three multinational organization HSBC. Nestle and IKEA Group. In essence, this present study can help inj understanding the preparation, translation as well as analytical issues (Donohoe et al. 2014). In addition to this, this paper also helps in analysing different environ factors as well as accounting system that necessarily directs the operations of MNCs and form the basis of the preparation and presentation of financial statements. This also includes thorough study of the level of acceptance along with compliance level together with worldwide accounting standards since they affect the entire transnational operations (Weiss and Wilkinson 2014). Literature Review Accounting and System of Accounting of MNCs As rightly indicated by Bruckner et al. (2015), accounting can be considered as a language of business that can be recognized worldwide. Accounting hinges on its capability to recognize diverse measures as well as analyse financial as well as economic variables to allow informed judgement. In essence, accounting does not necessarily have territorial boundaries and thus it is utilized to communicate different actions, existence as well as evolution of financial positions along with financial performance of different economic entities. In particular, actions of MNCs are undertaken in diverse locations that is other than their home nations, and are thus exposed to environs of home nations. As correctly put forward by Bruckner et al. (2015), there are multi-faceted activities of multinational corporations that direct the way towards diverse actions replicated in the system of accounting. Foremost among the actions, are necessarily the actions and methods of pursuing different cross border quotations on different stock exchanges together with transnational financing. MNCs and the System Theory Weiss and Wilkinson (2014) defined accounting as a procedure of enumerating and recognizing different economic variables in individual businesses along with communicating specific information founded on these measurements to different users who have the need to arrive at informed judgments. Wood et al. (2014) opines that a particular system can be regarded as the composition of different components whilst process can be considered as an order of undertaking things. For instance, the books of original entries cannot be properly presented unless specific documents, for example, vouchers, receipts as well as cheque statements from different invoices are firstly attained. Therefore, ledger cannot be exposed without the books of original entries namely books of revenue, expends and many others. Donohoe et al. (2014) mentioned that a system mainly comprises of different component parts that can associate or function together in a manner that can differentiate the complete system from other systems. The system of accounting can be considered as an embodiment of specifically general payroll, purchases, sales, costing along with system of credit control. Interconnection along with interactions with different subsystems are known as interfaces. According to OLAMIDE and AJIBADE (2016), system notion of accounting as it associates to different multinational corporations is very vital as it strives to succeed in its prevailing environs. In particular, this depends on proper comprehension of economic, social as well as political systems and appropriate implementation of system of accounting to the financial declarations for all the prospective users. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAPs can be regarded as a collection of mechanisms that can be utilized to process, prepare and at the same time present public accounting information. GAAPs are necessarily for the most part very general in their methods since they have the need to be somewhat applicable to different types of industries. As rightly indicated by Becker-Ritterspach et al. (2016), GAAPs can be regarded to be principle based or founded on specific technical constraints. Owing to the fact that, in several instances, GAAPs are considered to be flexible and at the same time general, majority of the industries in the U.S or else in the U.K are anticipated to follow principles of GAAP in such nations. GAAP across various nations vary, however are founded on few basic norms of relevance, understandability, consistency as well as comparability. Consistency: Thorelli (2014) asserts that as per principle of consistency information need to be grouped and at the same time presented the same across different periods of time. According to Bulkot (2015), consistency calls for the need of proper enumeration and display of diverse financial effects such as transactions as well as other events undertaken in a consistent manner within each accounting period and in a consistent manner by different business entities (Leitoniene et al. 2015). Relevance Essentially, the principle of relevance recommends that information put forward in pecuniary declarations as well as other public statements need to be appropriate and aid users to analyse the declarations to make informed guesses as regards the upcoming state of the entity. the draft principle of Accounting Standard Board on the principle relevance mentions that financial information contained in the financial declarations is suitable to the user of the financial declarations in case if the information has the capability to influence decisions of different users by facilitating them analyse past, present or else future events or adapt otherwise correct their past analysis (Hakim 2015). The financial statements of MNCs, thus, need to contain information that is clearly relevant and at the same time useful to different users to arrive at informed judement. Nevertheless, this notion also presupposes different users that essentially cut across different national boundaries (Pavlovska and Kuzmina-Merlino 2015). Reliability As correctly put forward by Moolchandani (2016), reliability refers to the need of presenting the truth and the whole truth in the financial declarations. In addition to this, information need to be comprehensive as well as verifiable at the same time. As per the Accounting Standards Board, specific information presented in the financial pronouncements of the annual reports need to have the quality as well as the reliability at the time when it is necessarily free from different material errors. It can be based upon by all the users to reflect faithfully what it is essentially purports to present or could reasonably be anticipated to represent. Comparability Das and Das (2014) identifies the fact that there are two different facets comparability. In essence, this principle comprises of the capability of different users to carry out comparative study of the results of a particular entity over a certain period of time along with the outcomes of different entities. However, the GAAP makes it certain that all the corporations whether MNCs or not MNCs stay on the same level and the information presented by these MNCs is consistently relevant, reliable and at the same time comparable (Attayah and Sweiti 2014). Challenges of accounting in HSBC Critical analysis of the annual reports of the firm reveals that Financial Statements as well as Notes thereon of HSBC, are prepared as well as presented in line with International Financial Reporting Standards as is authorized by the EU and operative for presentation of report of HSBC during the period 31st December 2005 (HSBC.com 2017). During the period July in the year 2005, HSBC declared 2004 Comparative Financial Information as per IFRS, succinctly presenting the major impacts of IFRSs on the economic information formerly reported with respect to the year 2004 and counting a reconciliation statement between data formerly reported during 2004 under the directive of UK GAAP as well as under IFRS. However, it can be hereby observed that of the opening balance sheet declaration of HSBC reported as on the period 1 January 2005 varies from the closing balance sheet statement reported as on 31 December 2004 since the former reveals first-time acceptance of particularly International A ccounting Standard of 32 as mentioned under Financial Instruments: Presentation of IAS 32. In addition to this, there has been acceptance of the directive as stipulated under the principle IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement as well as IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. Thus, the company has encountered certain issues while making the transitions to the IFRS during the initial period of adoption (HSBC.com 2017). Analysis of the reports of the firm HSBC reveals the fact that the company encounters serious issues in the internal control that has led to the failure of the firm to avert money laundering activities. This reflects the fact that distance also affects the organization and creates audit challenges as operations are not properly audited as frequently or else thoroughly as it should be. In addition to this, slow process of communication also affects the audit process and thereby the accounting system. Furthermore, a global organization such as HSBC also faces accounting problems owing to differences in political environ, gaps in the expectation, considerable financial reporting problem, ethical concerns and international convergence in foreign nations (HSBC.com 2017). Challenges of accounting in NESTLE Again, NESTLE is a Swiss multinational firm that primarily manufactures different nutritional food products, health associated consumer products as well as snack food. In particular, NESTLE has a very strong foothold in more than 86 nations, using 8 different business lines and possessing 447 factories (Nestle.com 2017). The accounting system in the multinational corporation NESTLE also needs to prepare consolidated financial statements that are in compliance with the International Financial Standards and are issued by the International Accounting Standards Boards together with the Swiss Law. Therefore, this creates certain issues in the process of accounting. Analysis of the reports of the corporation reveals that the functional currency of the groups entities is necessarily the currency of the primary economic environ. Essentially, in individual corporations, transactions in different foreign currencies are registered at the exchange rate recorded at the transaction date (Nestle.co m 2017). Again, monetary assets as well as liabilities in different foreign currencies are necessarily translated at different rates recorded at year end. However, any resulting differences in exchange are taken into account in the income statement, except at the time diverse deferred in different other comprehensive declarations of income as qualifying hedges of cash flow. Essentially, on consolidation, both the assets as well as liabilities of different foreign functionalities are also translated particularly into Swiss Francs that is the Groups presentation currency at the rate of exchange at specifically the year end. Also, income as well as expends also get translated into Swiss Francs essentially at the annual weighted average exchange rate or else at the rate decided on the transaction date for key items (Nestle.com 2017). Nevertheless, differences stem from different retranslation of opening net assets of different foreign functionalities, along with the differences stemming from the translation of diverse net results for the year of foreign operations, are also recognized in diverse other comprehensive income. In this case, it can be hereby mentioned that the management of the company faces accounting challenges in restating both balance sheet as well as net results of diverse subsidiaries functioning in diverse hyperinflationary economies. This are alterations in the general buying power of the regional currency, utilizing diverse official indices at particularly the balance sheet date, afore translation into particularly Swiss Francs (Nestle.com 2017). This, consequently are again mentioned in terms of measuring specific unit currency at the date of balance sheet. In essence, at the time when there exist a change of control in a foreign operation, exchange differences that were previously registered in equity are recorded in the income declaration primarily as a part of profit or else loss of the company on disposal. In addition to this, the global organization Nestle also faces accounting issues owing to alterations in the accounting standards. There are several changes in accounting standards that might perhaps affect the entire group on and after the period 31 December 2016 (Nestle.com 2017). Challenges of accounting in IKEA Group IKEA Group stores are located in around 28 nations with 978 suppliers in approximately 50 nations. The company essentially takes around well planned worldwide manufacture as well as distribute products of IKEA in an effective and cost efficient manner (IKEA 2017). Maintenance of compliance to the global accounting standards also remains a matter of concern for the accounting system of the company. Analysis of the report of the business firm IKEA Group also reveals the fact that the company is primarily based in Netherland and thus reports pecuniary declarations in Euro. This implies that all the different figures presented in the local currency for more than 43 nations in which the company functions have to be translated into the Euro and thereafter accumulated. Again, as there is volatility in the rate of exchange and the fluctuations in the currency, the multinational organization IKEA too faces the issue of currency effects at the time of carrying out the translations (IKEA 2017). Therefore, in a bid to reflect the underlying trend at the time of carrying out the adjustments for this effects, the management of the IKEA Group also communicates different currency related adjusted developments. Thus, carrying out the currency related adjustments creates accounting issues in the organization. For example, during the financial year 2015, currency adjusted developments in sales that is the sales growth of the company was recorded to be 8.9%, whilst straight conversion into the companys primary currency of Euro reflected a sales increase of around 11.2% (IKEA 2017). In addition to this, management of the firm also faces issues in incorporating the changes brought about by changes in the government policies as well as regulations that counts the monetary as well as interest rate along with other policies of respective Central Banks of different nations (IKEA 2017). Furthermore, multinational corporations also encounter challenges in assimilating general economic conditions in diverse markets in which companies function such as alterations in foreign rate of exchange, in both the rate of exchange in markets, government established rate of exchange, volatility in rate of interest as well as equity market. Apart from this, there also remains problems related to incorporation and adoption of the global standards in accounting practices and carrying out frequent audits in distant locations (IKEA 2017). Conclusion The current study emphasizes on evaluating the structure of financial declarations of three different multinational corporations, process of preparation along with analytical issues. Essentially, this has been attained by examination of different environmental factors, system of accounting that eventually can guide the operations of MNCs and develop a foundation of the accounting system. As multinationals undertake business in diverse locations other than their home base nations, a common platform for these organizations is necessary. However, several challenges are present there. However, problems are mainly encountered in following a principle based structure and enforcement of a general worldwide system of accounting. References Attayah, O.F. and Sweiti, I.M., 2014. Impact of ERP System Using on the Accounting Information Relevance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia.GSTF Business Review (GBR),3(2), p.1. Becker-Ritterspach, F., Lange, K. and Lohr, K., 2016. Reorganization in MNCs.Challenges for European Management in a Global Context: Experiences From Britain and Germany, p.68. Bruckner, M., Fischer, G., Tramberend, S. and Giljum, S., 2015. Measuring telecouplings in the global land system: a review and comparative evaluation of land footprint accounting methods.Ecological Economics,114, pp.11-21. Bulkot, O., 2015. Modern System of International Financial Management in Multinational Companies. -, (1-2 (2)), pp.8-11. Das, M.D. and Das, P.P., 2014. Harmonization of accounting standards: a study with special reference to indian and international accounting standards. Donohoe, M.P., McGill, G.A. and Outslay, E., 2014. Back to the drawing board: The structural and accounting consequences of a switch to a territorial tax system. Hakim, M.A., 2015. Accounting Information Systems and Bank Services: A Study on Their Relationships.Asian Accounting Auditing Advancement. HSBC.com. 2017. HSBC Group corporate website | HSBC Holdings plc. [online] Available at: https://www.hsbc.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. IKEA. 2017. IKEA.com - International homepage. [online] Available at: https://www.ikea.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Leitoniene, S., Sapkauskiene, A. and Dagiliene, L., 2015. Theoretical issues and practical implications of corporate social accounting and reporting in Lithuania.Procedia Economics and Finance,32, pp.1713-1723. Moolchandani, P., 2016. International Accounting Harmonization.Browser Download This Paper. Nestle.com. 2017. Available at: https://www.nestle.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. OLAMIDE, J.O. and AJIBADE, A.T., 2016. EVOLUTION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.EVOLUTION,2(8). Pavlovska, O. and Kuzmina-Merlino, I., 2015. FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES OF CONTROLLING IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS.Journal of Business Management, (10). Thorelli, H.B., 2014. Management audit and social indicators: the MNC through the glasses of the LDC.International Accounting and Transnational Decisions,1, p.293. Weiss, T.G. and Wilkinson, R., 2014. Rethinking global governance? Complexity, authority, power, change.International Studies Quarterly,58(1), pp.207-215. Weiss, T.G. and Wilkinson, R., 2014. Rethinking global governance? Complexity, authority, power, change.International Studies Quarterly,58(1), pp.207-215. Wood, R., Stadler, K., Bulavskaya, T., Lutter, S., Giljum, S., de Koning, A., Kuenen, J., Schtz, H., Acosta-Fernndez, J., Usubiaga, A. and Simas, M., 2014. Global sustainability accountingdeveloping EXIOBASE for multi-regional footprint analysis.Sustainability,7(1), pp.138-163.