13 High Paying Non Office Jobs

13 High Paying Non Office Jobs Okay, so you don’t want to sit behind a desk for the rest of your life.  The good news is: there are plenty of good jobs that don’t require 40 hours a week in front of a computer. And some of them pay really well. Here are 13 of the highest-paying jobs out there for anyone who just can’t sit there staring at their screen a moment longer.1. Mail CarrierWork for the postal service, sorting and delivering mail. Median annual pay: over $58k.2. BoilermakerConstruct and assemble boilers and other such structures. Median annual pay: around $60k.3. First-Line SupervisorSupervise construction trades and extraction workers. Make median pay of roughly $62k per year.4. Subway OperatorOperate a subway car (or a streetcar or elevated commuter train). Median income: over $63k per year.5. Signal or Track Switch RepairerMake sure all the systems, switches, and section lines are running smoothly in a rail system. Median pay: nearly $64k per year.6. Farm or Ranch ManagerCoordinat e the management and operation of agricultural businesses. Computer importance: only 41 out of 100. Median annual salary? over $64k.7. Power-Line Installer or RepairerWork in electrics installing or repairing cables or power systems.The median pay is well over $66k per year.8. Transportation InspectorInspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, systems, etc. (for everything except aviation) to make sure safety standards and regulations are met. The median pay is almost $71k per year.9. Ship EngineerSupervise and coordinate the activities of a ship’s crew below and above decks. Median pay: almost $73k per year.10. AcupuncturistTrain to treat people using this ancient Chinese remedy. You could make almost $75k per year.11. Ship, Boat, or Barge MateSupervise or coordinate crew activities aboard numerous kinds of vessels. You can make almost $77k per year in median pay.12. Anesthesiologist AssistantAssist anesthesiologists in and out of surgery and monitor patient stat us and care. The median pay is high: over $98k per year.13. OBGYNIf you can get yourself through med school and become an obstetrician/gynecologist, you can make a whopping $187k+ median annual pay.

The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words

The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words The 10 Most Frequently Looked-Up Words By Mark Nichol According to Merriam-Webster’s website, these are the ten most frequently search terms on the site- not what is trending now, but the words that consistently rank among the top searches. 1. Affect/Effect This double entry is not surprising; the confusion between affect and effect is one of the most common among homophones (words that sound alike but are spelled differently) and near homophones. Merriam-Webster advises that writers can use a simple rule in mind when determining which word to use- affect is usually a verb and effect is usually a noun- but exceptions in which the reverse is true are frequent enough to render this advice scarcely useful. Another mnemonic to help you distinguish the two is that to affect is to have an effect, and an affect leads to an effect. Affect usually means â€Å"have an effect or influence,† as in â€Å"Will not completing this assignment affect my grade?† while an effect is something that is the result of a causative phenomenon (hence the phrase â€Å"cause and effect†), as in â€Å"Will not completing this have an effect on my grade?† But note that affect can also serve as a noun meaning â€Å"aspect of an emotion† or â€Å"evidence of an emotion.† In psychology, to say that one presents a flat affect is to express that the person exhibits little or no emotion. In addition, effect is sometimes used as a verb meaning â€Å"bring about,† as in â€Å"Our goal is to effect a change in policy.† One can also say, â€Å"Our goal is to affect a change in policy,† but that means that one merely wishes to have an impact; to effect a change is to deliberately create the change. As a verb, affect also means â€Å"create the appearance of,† as when one affects a sophisticated manner to conceal humble origins, or â€Å"pretend,† as when one affects not to know about something that one is actually aware of. Either sense implies deception. The adjective affective means â€Å"emotional† or â€Å"expressing emotion,† while affecting, as an adjective, means â€Å"evoking a strong emotional response.† Effective means â€Å"producing a decisive or desired effect† and pertains to being actual, operative, or ready (and rarely, as a noun, denotes one who is effective), while effectual means â€Å"producing, or able to produce, a desired effect.† 2. Albeit This archaic-seeming word means â€Å"even though†; one would write, for example, â€Å"The jacket was expensive, albeit a practical necessity in cold weather.† It is one in a category of compound words combined to serve as an adverb, such as notwithstanding and nevertheless, or a conjunction such as the rare word howbeit or the common term whereas. 3. Ambiguous Ambiguous means â€Å"doubtful or uncertain† or â€Å"unexplainable,† but usually it denotes something that can be understood in two distinct ways, as when one exclaims, â€Å"I’ve never seen anything like it,† which does not inform the listener about whether the speaking is commenting positively or negatively. The first element, ambi-, meaning â€Å"both† or â€Å"on both sides,† is also seen in ambivalent (with which it is often confused, though that word means â€Å"having contradictory feelings†) and ambidextrous. The noun form of ambiguous is ambiguity. 4. Apathetic Apathetic is an adjective meaning â€Å"indifferent† or â€Å"uncaring†; the noun form, apathy, literally means â€Å"lack of feeling.† (This post discusses this and other words formed from the root pathos, meaning â€Å"feeling† or â€Å"suffering.†) 5. Conundrum Conundrum refers to complex, difficult problems or, more informally, a mystery or puzzle (or a riddle with a punning answer). The word is, ironically, itself a mystery, with an unknown etymology, although one theory is that hundreds of years ago, an Oxford University student coined the word to parody Latin; indeed, more than one spelling among various forms used in the word’s early years began with qu-, often a sign of Latin origin. 6. Cynical A cynical person is one skeptical of others’ motives or convinced that people always put their own interests before those of others. The word derives from the name of a Greek school of philosophy, whose adherents were called Cynics (from the Greek term kynikos, meaning â€Å"like a dog†); one with a cynical attitude is a cynic, and the quality of being cynical is called cynicism. 7. Integrity Integrity is the quality of being fair and honest (said of a person) or of being complete or sound (said of an object), as in the notion of structural integrity of something constructed. 8. Love Love is the most curious entry in this list, as it is a deceptively simple word. Love, however, can- as a noun or a verb- express a passion for anything (â€Å"I love that movie!†) as well as romantic and sexual feelings or behavior, in addition to religious passion. Loving and lovable are adjectival forms, and one who loves is a lover. 9. Pretentious Someone who has an exaggerated sense of importance or worth is pretentious; such a person is said to have pretensions, even if only one category of pretension exists, and a pretense is a deception (as in the redundant but idiomatic phrase â€Å"false pretenses†). The word is derived from the Latin verb praetendere, which literally means â€Å"stretch in front†; pre means â€Å"before,† and tendere, meaning â€Å"stretch,† is the basis of tender (as in â€Å"tender one’s resignation†) and tendon, the term for connective tissue that stretches between muscles and bones. (Tender in the sense of â€Å"sensitive† or â€Å"loving,† among other meanings, is unrelated.) By extension, the notion of literal stretching gave way to the meanings â€Å"stretching the truth† or â€Å"acting as if something not true is true,† and one who acts pretentiously is a pretender. 10. Ubiquitous Something widespread is ubiquitous; the quality of something existing everywhere or being encountered often is ubiquity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?Dawned vs. Donned50 Words with Alternative Spellings

Exclusion Clauses in Business Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exclusion Clauses in Business Contracts - Essay Example Certain warranties or guarantees may not actually be written into a contract, yet those contractual terms are implied by statute. For example, the Supply of Goods and Services Act of 1982 makes it clear that when a sale is made, there is an implied condition that the goods that have been supplied are of satisfactory quality. While most businesses are bound to the necessity of providing satisfactory quality of goods, they can protect themselves from very high levels of liability through exclusion clauses. An exclusion clause may be inserted into a contract in order to exclude one party’s liability for breach of contract or negligence . Taking into account the standard terms of a business contract, it must be noted that exclusion Clauses of the Company’s terms and conditions of sale needs to absolve it of any liability on the condition of the goods, such that it will be invalidated only if it is unreasonable. The validity of exclusion clauses has however, been upheld by the Courts in the case of dealing between businesses who are parties of equal bargaining power . Exclusion clauses have greater validity and will be enforced more strictly by the Courts in cases where ordinary consumers are involved . Filing a claim against a business, even if an exclusion clause is contained in a contract, could make it possible to invoke the provisions of the Unfair Contract Terms Act of 1977, which is only relevant in the case of ordinary customers and not for businesses.

Havisham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Havisham - Essay Example After things went sour with her marriage, she resulted to mere wish and prayer that her dear would die. â€Å"Not a day since then, I haven’t wished him dead† (Duffy web). The word â€Å"dead† represents dark imagery of Havisham’s desire to revenge her husband’s betrayal. Havisham also turns into prayer closing her eyes so tight making them sink inside and become like green pebble. In addition, she holds her hands so tightly together in prayer that they have formed sinews the size of a rope, which she virtualizes using to strangle her lover. Ropes on the back of my hands is metaphorical representing old age in that Havisham has allowed herself to stay with the grieve, anger, and poor emotions for many years, which has left her ageing. Havisham is responsible for her own misery in that she chooses to concentrate in the betrayal from her lover in a way that day in day out. She refuses to shower but remain in her stinking wedding dress considering kill ing her lover as a way of revenge. Reading this poem leaves the audience sympathizing with Havisham. Her character represents famous people in her society who make decisions in life with great expectations, only to get disappoints from those they trust. Havisham calls her lover sweetheart and then a bastard portraying love and hatred. All she thinks of all day is to strangle, bite, bang, or stab her former lover. Bearing in mind Havisham former position in the society, it is inevitable to sympathise with the extent of her sinking. Use of the first person in the poem helps the audience to identify with the suffering. That is, the suffering could beget anyone in the society regardless of the status. A woman with class of her own previously and now cannot even shower? Havisham’s body stinks, her wedding dress that she will not change yellowing with dirt. Havisham seems helpless, lost, and overtaken by confusion. She does not even

Social Media and Its Impact on Our Privacy Today Essay Example for Free

Social Media and Its Impact on Our Privacy Today Essay According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary Privacy is the quality or state of being apart from company or observation. Ever since the creation of Facebook, Twitter and other Social Media Outlets privacy has been non-existent. One can be astonished that the definition of privacy still exists since the introduction and existence of Social Media. Social Media erased the concept of privacy in our day to day lives. Imagine the convenience of friends, family and your Facebook or Twitter family knowing everything about your day, mood and whereabouts; in this day and age the world also knows what you’re eating, when and where. How did this happen Facebook started off as a connection platform for college students. To share updates, experiences and an advanced friend database based on education. Shortly after it became open to everyone and instead of being a place to stay connected it became a virtual diary of one’s day, vacation and life. It wasn’t enough that Facebook statuses were general. The world was now introduced to Twitter with a play by play updates on one’s daily life. According to character Father Brendan Flynn: â€Å"Doubt can be a bond as powerful and sustaining as certainty. When you are lost, you are not alone. †(Doubt). When everyone is able to follow your posts and location on Facebook you’re not lost, on the contrary you are found. When everyone is able to read you’re constantly updated tweets you are not lost. With Social Media uncovering our personal lives to the world we are not lost we are however alone. Since Social Media makes it easy to â€Å"share† our experiences ironically we become alone as there is no need for physical interaction with friends and family. So what do we do? How do we overcome Social Media and retain our privacy again when Facebook and Twitter have been such an integral part of our lives with advertising, personal updates and virtual sharing? According to Audrey Siegel, media agency Target Cast President â€Å"You don’t have any control, quite honestly†. Social Media is here to stay with its’ good and bad, however it is up to us to control and regain our privacy.

Malcolm X and the Shakespearean Tragic Hero Essay -- Othello Hamlet Sh

Malcolm X and the Shakespearean Tragic Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristotle defines a tragic hero as â€Å"good but flawed, must be aristocratic, must be believable, and must behave consistently.† The Muslim leader Malcolm X can be compared to such tragic heroes such as Othello and Hamlet. Malcolm’s life and his personality have similar traits from both of the famous Shakespearean heroes. In this paper we will look deeper into the life of Malcolm X and find the similarities between him and the tragic heroes, also we will prove that Malcom X can also be referred to as one of the great tragic heroes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little. He grew up in the streets of Boston and New York where he was known as â€Å"Red†. Malcolm became what most young black youths with no direction became â€Å"lost†. He became a thief, a hustler, Drug dealer as well as user. He was going down a one way street the wrong way. Malcolm was unstoppable! â€Å"I was a true hustler - uneducated, unskilled at anything honorable, and I considered myself nervy and cunning enough to live by my wits, exploiting any prey that presented itself I would risk just about anything. Right now, in every big city ghetto, tens of thousands of yesterdays and today's school drop outs are keeping body and soul together by some form of hustling in the same way I did And they inevitably move into more and more, worse and worse, illegality and immorality. Full time hustlers never can relax to appraise what they are doing and where they are bound. As is the case in any jungle, the hustler's - every waking hour is lived with both the practical and the subconscious knowledge that if he ever relaxes, if he ever slows down, the other hungry, restless foxes, ferrets, wolves, and vultures out there with him won't hesitate to make him their prey. (Autobiography, pp. 109-110) Until his reckless ways landed him in prison. For a while Malcolm was still â€Å"lost† he couldn’t wait till he was released so he could start up again where he had been abruptly stopped.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At 21 Malcolm was sentenced to prison for 8 to 10 years. Malcolm had become angry with everybody cursing out all that came into his view he even cursed out God. Which ultimately gave him another name â€Å"Satan† which he was called by fellow prisoners and guards alike. In prison is where Malcolm met Bimbi a brother of Islam and also a convict. Bimbi introduced along w... ... also a procrastinator and this is demonstrated many times in the play. He knows that he must kill Claudius but he postpones when he says, "Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge" (III, 3, 79). Hamlet also procrastinates in act two-scene two, line 594 when he convinces himself that his plan to add lines to the play and watch Claudius’ reaction, rather than completing his task, is the best plan of action. Although in the end he postpones the murder of Claudius, â€Å" like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of [his] cause† (II, 2, 576) Malcolm is just as much of an over-analyzer as Hamlet. Malcolm over-analyzed the situation between him and although he knew that he would eventually die he didn’t know it would be at the hands of some of his own brethren. Malcolm became a member of the religion Islam to begin his own movement powered by his own words and by not confronting the nation he had doomed himself. Also just as Othello he did not realize his own mistakes till it was too late. Leading himself to an untimely death, that is why he is our tragic hero. Work Cited Haley, Alex, and Malcolm X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X (as told to Alex Haley.) New York: Ballantine Books, 1964. Malcolm X and the Shakespearean Tragic Hero Essay -- Othello Hamlet Sh Malcolm X and the Shakespearean Tragic Hero   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristotle defines a tragic hero as â€Å"good but flawed, must be aristocratic, must be believable, and must behave consistently.† The Muslim leader Malcolm X can be compared to such tragic heroes such as Othello and Hamlet. Malcolm’s life and his personality have similar traits from both of the famous Shakespearean heroes. In this paper we will look deeper into the life of Malcolm X and find the similarities between him and the tragic heroes, also we will prove that Malcom X can also be referred to as one of the great tragic heroes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little. He grew up in the streets of Boston and New York where he was known as â€Å"Red†. Malcolm became what most young black youths with no direction became â€Å"lost†. He became a thief, a hustler, Drug dealer as well as user. He was going down a one way street the wrong way. Malcolm was unstoppable! â€Å"I was a true hustler - uneducated, unskilled at anything honorable, and I considered myself nervy and cunning enough to live by my wits, exploiting any prey that presented itself I would risk just about anything. Right now, in every big city ghetto, tens of thousands of yesterdays and today's school drop outs are keeping body and soul together by some form of hustling in the same way I did And they inevitably move into more and more, worse and worse, illegality and immorality. Full time hustlers never can relax to appraise what they are doing and where they are bound. As is the case in any jungle, the hustler's - every waking hour is lived with both the practical and the subconscious knowledge that if he ever relaxes, if he ever slows down, the other hungry, restless foxes, ferrets, wolves, and vultures out there with him won't hesitate to make him their prey. (Autobiography, pp. 109-110) Until his reckless ways landed him in prison. For a while Malcolm was still â€Å"lost† he couldn’t wait till he was released so he could start up again where he had been abruptly stopped.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At 21 Malcolm was sentenced to prison for 8 to 10 years. Malcolm had become angry with everybody cursing out all that came into his view he even cursed out God. Which ultimately gave him another name â€Å"Satan† which he was called by fellow prisoners and guards alike. In prison is where Malcolm met Bimbi a brother of Islam and also a convict. Bimbi introduced along w... ... also a procrastinator and this is demonstrated many times in the play. He knows that he must kill Claudius but he postpones when he says, "Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge" (III, 3, 79). Hamlet also procrastinates in act two-scene two, line 594 when he convinces himself that his plan to add lines to the play and watch Claudius’ reaction, rather than completing his task, is the best plan of action. Although in the end he postpones the murder of Claudius, â€Å" like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of [his] cause† (II, 2, 576) Malcolm is just as much of an over-analyzer as Hamlet. Malcolm over-analyzed the situation between him and although he knew that he would eventually die he didn’t know it would be at the hands of some of his own brethren. Malcolm became a member of the religion Islam to begin his own movement powered by his own words and by not confronting the nation he had doomed himself. Also just as Othello he did not realize his own mistakes till it was too late. Leading himself to an untimely death, that is why he is our tragic hero. Work Cited Haley, Alex, and Malcolm X. The Autobiography of Malcolm X (as told to Alex Haley.) New York: Ballantine Books, 1964.

Female Genital Mutilation

Is Female Genital Mutilation A Moral Practice Female genital mutilation (FGM) is not a morally justified practice. It is an unnecessary procedure that has no medical health benefits to the girls and women it is being performed on. According to Utilitarianism, we should produce the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number affected. Utilitarian’s also believe that we should alleviate the greatest amount of pain and suffering for the greatest number affected. Based on Utilitarian grounds, FGM has no medical health benefits and it is a completely unnecessary act on females in this culture.It is also an extremely painful procedure that has very serious short term and long term side effects, including death. Jeremy Bentham, an Act Utilitarian, developed the hedonic calculus, which is a â€Å"scientific† methodology for determining which pleasures ought to be pursued and which pains ought to be avoided. FGM is an example of the pains that â€Å"ought† to be a voided. This principle enables individuals to provide good reasons for their course of action. When we are deliberating about the right thing to do, Bentham maintains that we must always account for the pleasures and pains.Examples of this are the intensity, duration, certainty or uncertainty, remoteness, fecundity, purity and extent of the pleasure or pain. In order to understand why FGM is not a morally justified practice and why it goes against the principles of Utilitarianism, you have to know what FGM is. You need to learn who it is being performed on and what age, why it is being done, where it is happening, how it is performed, and what short term and long term side effects occur, after this procedure has been done.The pain and suffering that is resulting from this procedure is going against the greatest happiness principle of Utilitarianism. There is a reason why it is no longer called female circumcision and is now being referred to as female genital mutilation. FGM is an u n-safe, un-sterile procedure that is taking place in many foreign countries around the world including Egypt, the Sudan, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East and Malaysia (Winter, Par. 6). FGM harms girls and women in these cultures by causing them severe pain and multiple serious side effects.According to the hedonic calculus, and the principle of intensity, it states that some pleasures and pains are more intense than others. The girls or women in this culture are being put through an extreme amount of intense pain for no beneficial reason. The procedure is being done by midwives or older â€Å"experienced† women in the villages that do not have any medical training and are not educated in the field of medicine. Not only is FGM a dangerous procedure, but it also has physical, sexual and mental consequences (Amnesty International USA, Par. 3).According to the World Health Organization, this practice has many serious side effects including shock, hemorrhage (bleeding), tetanus or sepsis (bacterial infection), urine retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby genital tissue (Par. 13). Other side effects can include death, serious infections, HIV, abscesses, small benign tumors, and clitoral cysts (wolvesdream, Par. 5). The World Health Organization has also reported many long term consequences which include; recurrent bladder and urinary tract infections, cysts, infertility, an increased risk of childbirth complications and newborn deaths (Par. 4). It can also lead to a need for later surgeries in life (Par. 14). For example, the FGM procedure that seals or narrows a vaginal opening needs to be cut open later in life to allow for sexual intercourse and childbirth (Par. 14). In this same procedure, women could be cut and stitched repeatedly, leading to further complications and more long term risks. Along with the high risk of short term and long term side effects, the biggest issue resulting from this procedure is death. FGM is the re moval of all or part of the external parts of the female genitalia.It is a cultural practice that started in some African countries over 2000 years ago (wolvesdream, Par. 1). According to this same source, FGM is primarily a cultural practice, not a religious practice (Par. 1). However, in some cultures they do include it as part of their religion (Par. 1). In these foreign countries, FGM has become something that is just expected and defines them to their culture (Par. 1). According to the people in this culture, girls will not become women, or adults for that matter, if this procedure is not performed.Most will be considered un-clean and will not be able to marry without the procedure (Par. 9). In some cultures, the reasoning for this procedure, is that it will reduce the woman’s desire for sex, therefore reducing the chance of sex outside the marriage (Amnesty International USA, Par. 7). We can refer this to the purity aspect of the hedonic calculus, which states that some pleasures or pains are purer than others. Why is it fair to take away the pleasure of sexual intercourse from women, but not from men in this culture?What prevents the men from going outside the vows of a marriage? What is reducing their desire for sex and why are they considered â€Å"clean† without performing some kind of horrendous procedure? In this culture, since marriage is often the only role available for women, it is impossible for them to marry if they have not undergone this procedure (Par. 7). Is this procedure only being done to women in this culture because they do not value women? Is their only role in the community reproduction in order to maintain the culture and its practices?FGM is carried out at various ages in a girl’s life but it is most frequently around the ages of four to eight years of age (wolvesdream, Par. 3). Referring back to Bentham’s hedonic calculus and the principle of remoteness, it states that some pleasures and pains may com e sooner than others. The girls that are enduring this procedure are at a very young, immature and undeveloped age. However, the pain inflicted in the procedure doesn’t end here. It can be a lifetime of pain and suffering with every sexual encounter or birth.Looking further at the hedonic calculus and the principle of certainty or uncertainty, it states that there is either pleasure or pain in an act. The girls in this culture are forced into this procedure knowing that they will have to endure an extreme amount of pain that could last a lifetime, depending on the circumstances. According to an article written on FGM, there are three different types of FGM that take place in different cultures (Par. 3). The first one is called Sunna Circumcision which is the removal of the prepuce (retractable fold of skin, or hood) or the tip of the clitoris (Par. ). In this culture Sunna is Arabic for â€Å"tradition† (Par. 3). The second type is Clitoridectomy which is the removal o f the entire clitoris (prepuce and glands) and the removal of the adjacent labia (Par. 3). The third type is called infibulation (pharonic circumcision) which consists of performing a clitoridectomy (removal of all or part of the labia minora, the labia majora) (Par. 3). This is then stitched up allowing only a small hole to remain open to allow for urine and menstrual blood to flow through (Par. 3).To conduct this procedure the midwives or village women use various un-sanitized instruments including; broken glass, tin can lids, blunt knives, scissors, and razor blades (Amnesty International USA, Par. 3). In most cases, these items are used repeatedly, without any type of sterilization or disinfecting. This practice has lead to the rapid spread of many diseases, high infection rates and HIV. Typically, this procedure is performed without any anesthesia and there are no antibiotics given to prevent infection. The only medical treatment they receive is being stitched up using anything from cat or lamb intestine, to the use of thorns (Par. ). If infibulation or a clitoridectomy is performed, their legs are bound for up to two months while their wounds heal, leaving them immobilized (Par. 3). We can refer this back to the hedonic calculus and the principle of duration, which states that some pleasures or pains will last longer than others.Depending on the type of procedure done and how it is done, these girls could endure a lifetime of pain and suffering resulting from this practice. According to research, an estimated 135 million girls and women have undergone FGM and 2 million girls a year are at risk for having this procedure done (Amnesty International USA, Par. ). This accounts for approximately 6,000 girls per day (Amnesty International USA, Par. 5). Referring back to the hedonic calculus, the extent of pain and suffering that is being inflicted on the girls and women of this culture is astounding and the numbers are staggering. After reading about FGM and t he culture it is being performed in, some cultural relativists may argue that the ethical understandings vary between cultures and what may be considered morally wrong in one culture may be perfectly acceptable in another.However, considering the fact that FGM involves the deliberate infliction of severe pain and suffering and that its effects can be life threatening, it does not follow the greatest happiness principle in Utilitarianism. Not only is it a violation of the rights of females but because it is most commonly performed on girls ranging in age from birth to adolescence, it is a grave violation of Children’s Human Rights (Amnesty International USA, Par. 10).In conclusion, female genital mutilation is not a morally justified practice because it goes against the greatest happiness principle of Utilitarianism. It violates the rights of females and female children. It causes serious pain and suffering that can last a lifetime. The amount and seriousness of the side effec ts outnumber any traditional or religious values that some cultures believe in. Therefore, according to Utilitarian grounds, we should produce the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number affected by eliminating this cultural practice all together.In doing this we would be alleviating the greatest amount of pain and suffering for the greatest number affected.Works Cited Amnesty International USA. Action for Human Rights. Hope for Humanity. n. d. Female Genital Mutilation: A Fact Sheet. Web. 27 Sept. 2010. â€Å"Female Genital Mutilation. † n. p. wolvesdreams. tripod. com. n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2010. Winter, Mary. â€Å"Female Genital Mutilation. † The Rocky Mountain News, 31 Jan. 1996. Print. World Health Organization. Female Genital Mutilation, 2010. Web. 25 Sept. 2010.